R2

reverse bias
Bias on a PN junction that allows only leakage current (minority carriers) to flow. Positive polarity on the n-type material and negative polarity to the p-type material.

reverse breakdown voltage
Amount of reverse bias that will cause a PN junction to break down and conduct in the reverse direction.

reverse current
Current through a diode when reverse biased. An extremely small current also referred to as leakage.

reverse saturation current
Reverse current through a diode caused by thermal activity. This current is not affected by the amount of reverse bias on the component, but does vary with temperature.

RF
Abbreviation for "radio frequency."

rheostat
Two terminal variable resistor used to control current.

right angle triangle
Triangle having a 90° or square corner.

ripple frequency
Frequency of the ripple present in the output of a DC source.

ripple voltage
The small variations in Dc voltage that remain after filtering in a power supply.

rise time
Time for the leading edge of a pulse to rise from 10% of its peak value to 90% of its peak value.

RL differentiator
An RL circuit whose output voltage is proportional to the rate of change of the input voltage.

RL filter
Selective circuit of resistors and inductors that offers little or no opposition to certain frequencies while blocking or attenuating other frequencies.

RL integrator
RL circuit with an output proportionate to the integral of the input signal.

rms
Abbreviation for "root mean square"

rms value
Rms value of an AC sine wave is 0.707 times the peak value. This is the effective value of an AC sine wave. The rms value of a sine wave is the value of a DC voltage that would produce the same amount of heat in a heating element.

roll-off rate
Rate of change in gain when an amplifier is operated outside of its bandwidth.

rotary switch
Electromechanical device that has a rotating shaft connected to one terminal capable of making or breaking a connection to one or more other terminals.

R-2R ladder
Network or circuit composed of a sequence of L networks connected in tandem. Circuit used in digital to analog converters.

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